Safety is always an important factor to keep in mind at any job site. When operating a mobile crane, it’s essential to review some basic crane safety. There are some key elements to consider. These elements include the crane itself, the operation of the crane, the load, and the rigging being used.

Choosing A Crane

The mobile crane is part of the foundation of the lift. A first step is to have an understanding of the tasks to be done and then choose the right type of crane for the job. Do you need a rough terrain crane, all terrain crane, crawler crane, carry deck crane, truck crane, boom truck, or knuckle boom crane? The crane type selected needs to have the appropriate lifting capacity for the load and adequate reach. Choosing the wrong crane for the job can quickly lead to potential safety issues.

Crane Condition

The condition of the crane and its setup is of great importance to make sure it is ready and able to do the job. A pre-operational inspection and overall check of the crane should not be overlooked.

When checking the crane, verify that the controls and safety devices such as the Anti-Two-Block (A2B) and Load Moment Indicator (LMI) are working properly. Make sure all the wire ropes are in good working condition and that they are long enough for the tasks to be done. Be sure that the boom, telescope, and hoist systems are in full working order. Check that the swing system and swing brake are working properly. Verify that the overhaul ball and/or the load block and reeving is adequate for the load. Also ensure that any modifications or repairs made to the crane were completed correctly.

Safe Crane Operation

The operation of a mobile crane is a serious task that is not to be taken lightly. Aside from reviewing the crane’s operator’s manual and load charts, having the proper training and adequate experience is crucial to safe operation. Therefore, operator selection is highly important. If needed, there are crane training courses available for operators to become certified or to stay current on the latest crane operating techniques and safety procedures.

The weight of the load to be picked (and the total load) is one of the first things to determine. The size and shape of the load may be an important factor as well. Consider the ground conditions and its ability to provide support. Be sure the crane is properly set up and configured for the task. Properly utilize the outriggers as needed and use mats or pads when required. You must fully understand the load charts and associated range diagrams that are specific for the crane. Take the time to consider the working radius and quadrants of the operation to see if there are obstructions within the work area. Make sure the crane is operated in a manner to minimize shock and dynamic loading, as well as minimizing load swing. A good operator will also insist on proper signaling from the ground crew.

Other factors to consider when operating a mobile crane are weather conditions, hazardous surroundings, and personnel on the site. If the weather is just too hot, too cold, or potentially dangerous to operate the crane, consider making other arrangements or delaying the job until it can be completed safely. Be aware of hazardous surroundings such as power lines, structures, or excavations. A major concern that can never be overlooked is determining the location of any other persons that are near the crane’s job site. Make sure to observe where all nearby workers are located at all times to avoid any safety concerns.

Rigging Safety

Proper and adequate rigging is an important aspect of crane safety to prevent loads from falling and potentially injuring workers or damaging property. Rigging personnel need to know the weight of the load and its center of gravity, as well as the proper workable sling angles and any applicable diameter (D/d) ratios around the load. They also need to know the rated capacities of the slings and lifting hardware that is needed, so the proper rigging is selected. Riggers will need to know how to use and apply the proper hitches that will hold and control the load. They should also know how to help assist in maintaining proper load control by utilizing tag lines as needed.

The rigging selected must be adequately inspected and appropriately sized for the lift. It must be properly attached to the load and to the crane’s lifting hook for proper load control. The weight of the rigging itself may also a factor to be added in the total load.

Conclusion

When cranes are in action, crane safety should be at the forefront of everyone’s mind at the job site. Picking the right crane for the job and knowing how to safely operate it is a great start. It’s also vital to know the capabilities of the crane, the load information, rigging details, location particulars, weather conditions, and other work requirements that will help ensure the job is completed safely.

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